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September 2026 (published: 07.09.2026)
Number 3(69)
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Comparative HPLC–ESI–MS/MS profiling of ethanol maceration and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria L.
Tran V.C. , Razgonova Mayya P. , Golokhvast Kirill S.
Keywords: biotechnology of drugs; Phyllanthus urinaria; comparative phytochemical profiling; supercritical carbon dioxide extraction; ethanol maceration; liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry; secondary metabolites
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
Comparative HPLC–ESI–MS/MS profiling of ethanol maceration and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria L.
Phyllanthus urinariaL. is a medicinal plant containing diverse secondary metabolites, but the effect of extraction method on its phytochemical profile remains insufficiently characterized. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical profiles of ethanol maceration and supercritical CO2 extracts obtained from the stems and leaves of P. urinaria. Plant material collected in Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam, was dried and extracted either by ethanol maceration at room temperature or by supercritical CO2 extraction at 300 bar and 50°C using ethanol as a co-solvent. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC–ESI–ion trap–MS/MS in positive and negative ionization modes, and the detected compounds were tentatively annotated based on precursor ions, MS/MS and multistage fragmentation patterns, and literature data. In total, 94 compounds were tentatively annotated, including flavonoids, lignans, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, lipids, sterols, tannins, quinones, triterpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, and nucleosides. The SC-CO2 extract contained 62 compounds, whereas 55 compounds were detected in the ethanol extract. Only 23 compounds were common to both extracts; 39 compounds were found only in the SC-CO2 extract and 32 only in the ethanol extract. The Jaccard similarity index was 0.245, indicating limited overlap between the two phytochemical profiles. Based on comparison with the available literature, 54 compounds were considered putative first records for P. urinaria. The results show that extraction conditions strongly affect the detectable metabolite spectrum of P. urinaria.
Keywords: biotechnology of drugs; Phyllanthus urinaria; comparative phytochemical profiling; supercritical carbon dioxide extraction; ethanol maceration; liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry; secondary metabolites
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License