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December 2025 (published: 12.12.2025)
Number 4(66)
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Potential biological activity of biofortified raw ingredients using HEK293 cell culture
Radkevich Anastasia V. , Naumenko Natalia V. , Kalinina Irina V., Vasileva Elizaveta K.
Keywords: processing of plant raw materials; wheat grain; biofortification; γ-aminobutyric acid; antioxidant activity; proliferative activity; cytotoxicity; HEK293
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
Potential biological activity of biofortified raw ingredients using HEK293 cell culture
The article analyses the biological activity of extracts obtained from sprouted wheat grain biofortified with exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The aim of the study was to comprehensively evaluate the cytoprotective, antioxidant, and metabolic effects of raw materials obtained from sprouted wheat grain biofortified with exogenous GABA using in vitro bioassay methods. The extracts were analyzed at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using the CCK-8 method to assess cell viability and proliferative activity, as well as the Cellular ROS Assay Kit method to determine the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. The results showed that the extracts of biofortified wheat grain have the following viability values for HEK293 cells: 90–136% of the control values, indicating the presence of a cytoprotective effect. With increasing DMSO concentration, metabolic activity increased, indicating a potential adaptogenic effect of the biofortified grain extract and its raw ingredients. Analysis of ROS levels revealed a median fluorescence decrease from 30 505 to 22 871 conventional units, corresponding to a reduction in intracellular ROS levels of more than 25%. A high proportion of viable cells (>90%) was maintained in all experimental variants, confirming the absence of cytotoxic effects and the presence of pronounced antioxidant activity. Thus, the extracts obtained for the HEK293 cell line study from sprouted wheat grain biofortified with exogenous GABA demonstrate cytoprotective properties and the ability to reduce oxidative stress in cells, confirming their potential as functional plant-based ingredients in food product development.
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Keywords: processing of plant raw materials; wheat grain; biofortification; γ-aminobutyric acid; antioxidant activity; proliferative activity; cytotoxicity; HEK293
DOI 10.17586/2310-1164-2025-18-4-45-53
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License